Did a group rule the Egyptians during the bible period? Were the Israelites known as Hykso? In the bible show one tribe of Israel that was not a descendant of all other Arab tribes?
Every thing believed about the Hyksos is taken from (a) something in the bible (b) a stela (c) the torah or (d) something someone wrote centuries after the supposed events.
Using Google sheets you can create a list of all sources used to make assertions on this issue.
notes at a glance https://groups.google.com/search/conversations?q=hyksos
18th Dynasty 1550-1295 BC
Ahmose "drove out the Hyksos"
(8 kings after Ahmose)
Amenhotep III "errected the stele"
Amenhotep IV 1
Neferneferuaten 2
Tutankhamen 3
Ay 4
Horemheb 5
19th Dynasty 1295 - 1186 BC
Rameses I 6
Seti I 7
Rameses II 8
Merenptah 9
Merenpath inscribed the stele after Amenhotep and 8 other kings died? Did Amenhotep errect a blank stele and later Merenpath decided to use it for his own scratch pad?
Merneptah Stele / Israel Stele / Victory Stele
Discovered in the first court of Merneptah's mortuary temple at Thebes by Flinders Petrie in 1896
Now in the collection of the Egyptian Museum at Cairo is a fragmentary copy of the stele also found at Karnak.
Erected by Amenhotep III, later inscribed by Merneptah who ruled Egypt
The black granite stela : height of 318 cm/10 ft - width of 163 cm / 5 ft
The stela is dated to 1208 BC
There is not a single line about Israel. The hieroglyphic is foreigners:
"The foreigners are wasted, bare of seed" or no longer exists.
After doing a little research on the 1976 translation of this stele, I found out what the basis of translating the hieroglyphic word foreigner to Israel.
The woman who translated this happens to have the "Jewish name" (Miriam)
She lived in Israel and studied at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She also wrote Talmudic material
... You can guess how the word foreigner was changed to Israel by this author.
If you were actually going to do a study of this translation I suppose you might print out the Word Definitions at the bottom of this page. It is confusing enough with out having a clue what some of the words mean.
37 Re hasturnedaroundtoEgypt,TheSonisordainedasherprotector,TheKingofUpperandLowerEgypt,Banere-meramun,Sonof Re,Merneptah,ContentwithMaatTheprincesareprostratesaying:"Shalom!"NotoneoftheNineBowsliftshishead:Tjehenuisvanquished,Khattiatpeace,Canaaniscaptivewithallwoe.
40BytheKingofUpperandLowerEgypt,Banere-meramun,Sonof Re,Merneptah,ContentwithMaat,Givenlifelike Re everyday.
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Word Definitions
I did a quick check of the meaning of the words I didn't know. I am not sure the definitions I did find, are the definitions of the words used in this translation. If you were really going to do a complete study of this stele, I suppose you should have print out of the definitions as you read along. If you find definitions I got wrong or didn't include, send me a post scribesofegypt@ymail.com
Amun = a god
Ashkelon
= Ashkelon is just 12 miles (19 kilometers) north of the Gaza Strip.
Banere-meramun
= son of Re (Re = an Egyptian god)
Bastioned
= ???
Canaan
= Palestine / Israel
Ennead
= Egyptian god
Gezer
= Gezer is located c.8 km south-east of modern Ramla
Horus
= An Egyptian god
Hut-Ka-Ptah
= Another geographic term for Memphis
Ka
= ???
Khatti
= Kheta or Khatti were identical with the Hittites <> The Khatti were the rulers of the early Akkad-Sumerians
Khor
= Khor is located 57 km from Doha
Miriam
Lichtheim = Berkley woman with a "Jewish name" (Miriam) translated the stele. (1914, Istanbul – 2004, Jerusalem). She studied at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In 1982 she moved to Israel where she taught at the Hebrew University. She wrote Talmudic books http://www.google.com/search?q=%22Miriam+Lichtheim%22+Talmudic+&hl=en&sa=2
Maat = The Ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice
Medjai
= Medjai were a tribal community, but split: one part was pastoral, the other served as soldiers in the Egyptian army. The Medjai were an ancient people of Nubia
Merey
= Enemy of the Egyptians
Merneptah
= Egyptian king who inscribed the stele
Meshwesh
= An ancient Libyan (i.e., Berber) tribe from Cyrenaica
Nau
= Unidentified person/god
Ptah
= Ptah was the chief god of the ancient city of Memphis
Re
= Re was identified with Horus, who as a falcon-god represented the loftiness of the skies
Shu
= A god the Egyptians believed that Shu was the second divine pharaoh, ruling after Ra = Ra was more than just another god. He was the bringer of life and master of the heavens
Ta-tenen
= Unidentified person/god
Tekten
= Unidentified God/Person
Tjehenu
= Inhabitants of the regions known as Tjemeh and Tjehnu, a more generic terms applied to the region west of the Delta, as far as Cyrenaica in modern Libya
Tjemeh
= Inhabitants of the regions known as Tjemeh and Tjehnu, a more generic terms applied to the region west of the Delta, as far as Cyrenaica in modern Libya